Coronary angiography is considered the gold standard for the assessment of coronary artery
disease. Cardiologists perform millions of coronary angiograms annually worldwide.
Angiography is a 2-dimensional lumenogram of a complex 3-dimensional arterial structure;
therefore, it is limited in providing accurate diagnostic information. An angiogram using
multiple orthogonal views with visual estimation can provide information about a patient’s
coronary artery anatomy; however, this approach has several limitations due to inherent
operator variability, which can lead to wide differences in interpretation of stenosis severity
obtained from angiography in comparison to non-invasive imaging, expert core lab
assessment, computer assisted measurements, and autopsy comparisons.